Silybum marianum is an erect, annual or biennial in california herb growing from one to two meters tall with solitary purple flower heads 2. Advances in the use of milk thistle silybum marianum. Silybum marianum or milk thistle mt is the most wellresearched plant in the treatment of liver disease. Of course there are many plants that are outside the scope of our ability to grow in idaho, due to either climate or quantity requirements. Gaertn is a medicinal plant of unique pharmaceutical properties in the treatment of liver disorders and diabetic nephropathy. Originally, silybum marianum was a native of asia and southern europe, but now it is found throughout the world. Gaertn under moderate and severe drought stress conditions in a controlled environment. In this study, we evaluated the impact of biochar application 0%, 1%, and 2% ww soil on some important physiological traits of milk thistle silybum marianum l. This species is an annual or biennial plant of the family asteraceae.
Advances in the use of milk thistle silybum marianum janice postwhite, rn, phd, faan, elena j. A randomized, tripleblind, placebocontrolled clinical trial. Its probably the most important herbal liver medicine out there and can be used very effectively to help limitprevent liver damage when exposed to toxinspoisons. Oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and transaminase reactions are some of the mechanisms that can lead to liver dysfunction.
This contributes to the effects observed in patients with acne, and indicates that silybum marianum fruit extract is a good candidate for the modulation of hyperseborrhea and associated disease. The name milk thistle derives from a feature of the leaves, which are prominently banded with splashes of white. Silybum marianum contains premier liverprotectant flavonoids the fruit of the milk thistle plant silybum marianum, family asteraceae figure 1 contains flavonoids known for hepatoprotective effects. Department of agriculture agricultural research service. Silybum marianum definition of silybum marianum by the. One species has been introduced elsewhere, including in north america. By regulating lipid metabolism, silybum marianum fruit extract prevents lipid accumulation in two models of seborrhea. Milk thistle is unique in its ability to protect the liver and has no equivalent in the pharmaceutical drug world. In persian and arabic countries, it is called mary thiqhal. Us4997649a cosmetic and dermatological compositions. It has been so dramatically effective that the treatment has never been disputed, even by the traditional. In india it is found commonly in jammu and kashmir at an altitude of 1,8002,400m and cultivated in other places for ornament on rocky or sandy soils. Pdf a general introduction to medicinal plants and.
Silybum marianum, american journal of healthsystem pharmacy, volume 56, issue 12, 15 june 1999, pages 11951197, s. Expired fee related application number us07015,226 inventor claude bonne daniel sincholle. The common names are just as important as the scientific names. It can grow up to 2 m tall and has a very spiky flowerhead and large variegated, prickly leaves. In fact, in cases of poisoning with amanita mushrooms, which destroy the liver, milk thistle is the only treatment option. Milk thistle silybum marianum has been over the past few millennia, at the very least, one of the most widely used and effective herbs in the world. Read more about the prescription drug milk thistle silybum marianum oral. Strangely 1 some of the names are not common at all, and we may find them not known to us 2 some of. Originally native to the mediterranean region, parts of asia and russia, it has been introduced to japan, subsaharan africa, the americas, parts of. Silybum marianum is a medicinal plant whose therapeutic history dates back to 2000 years ago and was used as a hepatoprotective medication to treat jaundice and enlarged liver and spleen. In pakistan, marwat and khan 2007 examined the effects of seed rates of wheat triticum aestivum in suppressing s. Therapeutic effect of silybum marianum plant extract on.
Silybum marianum is by far the more widely known species. Cosmetological or dermatological compositions for skin care, principally comprising a mixture comprising. It leads to apoptosis through mapk mitogen activated protein kinase jnk cjunnterminal kinase pathway. This site makes an attempt to gather and share common names of the plants found in india. A concise overview on its chemistry, pharmacological, and nutraceutical uses in liver diseases. The active complex of mt is a lipophilic extract from the seeds of the plant and is composed of. Silybum marianum has other common names including cardus marianus, milk thistle, blessed milkthistle, marian thistle, mary thistle, saint marys thistle, mediterranean milk thistle, variegated thistle and scotch thistle though not to be confused with onopordum acanthium. Milk thistle induces growth arrest at g1 and g2 checkpoints. A case of allergy to silybum marianum milk thistle and. Leaves of this plant are big and have white spots around the veins.
Evidencebased complementary and alternative medicine. Evaluating the effect of silybum marianum extract on blood. Hepatoprotective effect of silymarin silybum marianum on. So when we need to supplement our growing efforts, we purchase only the finest product from quality, organic growers that we trust. Silymarin, a mixture of flavanoid complexes, is the active component that protects. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of the herbal medicine, silybum marianum seed extract silymarin, which is known to have antioxidant properties on the glycemic profile in diabetic patients. World journal of pharmaceutical research introduction silybum marianum l. Pdf effect of cynara scolymus and silybum marianum. It is an invasive selfseeder in some locations class a noxious weed in the. The structure of silibinin silybum substance e6the first flavonolignan. Research has shown that it promotes the regeneration of diseased liver cells and protects them against. Silybum marianum milk thistle is a well known medicinal plant that has been used for centuries as a herbal medicine for the treatment of liverrelated diseases rasul a.
Silybum marianum plant finder missouri botanical garden. Silybum marianum has shiny pale green leaves and red to purple flowers with white veins. Milk thistle is believed to give some remedy for liver diseases e. Marys thistle, ladys thistle, holy thistle milk thistle silybum marianum has long played a role in european herbal medicine, and yields one of the most celebrated phytomedicines of the modern ageknown as silymarin, which is. Kelly, md milk thistle silybum marianum is an herbal supplement used to treat liver and biliary disorders. Research has shown that it promotes the regeneration of diseased liver cells and. So, the present study is performed to study the proposed mechanism beyond antihyperglycemic influences of s. Download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf. Article pdf available in life science journal 119s.
Consumer information about the medication milk thistle silybum marianum oral, includes side effects, drug interactions, recommended dosages, and storage information. Volume 22, issue 2, 15 february 2015, pages 290296. Silybum marianum synonyms, silybum marianum pronunciation, silybum marianum translation, english dictionary definition of silybum marianum. Mt fruits contain a mixture of flavonolignans collectively known as silymarin, being silybin also named silibinin the main component. A timedependent study was designed to evaluate the ability of silymarin sln and glycyrrhizin gln in different dosage regimens to lessen oxidative stress in the rats with hepatic injury caused by the hepatotoxin carbon tetrachloride. Silybum marianum is the most researched plant in treatment of liver disease. Us4749573a cosmetic preparations useful for opposing skin. Download fulltext pdf a general introduction to medicinal plants and silybum marianum. Tamoxifen tmx is a synthetic drug that is widely used for treatment of breast cancer. There is only one species of silybum established in.
Silybum marianum, a member of the asteraceae family, is a therapeutic herb with a 2,000. Silybum marianum tall old world biennial thistle with large clasping whiteblotched leaves and purple flower heads. The fungi infesting its seeds may negatively influence their germination and healthpromoting properties. Despite the beneficial effects of tmx, the use of this drug has several side effects such as the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease nafld in the patients. Silymarin slm is a lipophilic extract isolated from the seeds and fruits of silybum marianum, a herbaceous plant belonging to the family compositae and native to a narrow area of the mediterranean. Us4749573a us07015,226 us1522687a us4749573a us 4749573 a us4749573 a us 4749573a us 1522687 a us1522687 a us 1522687a us 4749573 a us4749573 a us 4749573a authority us united states prior art keywords extract fruits silybum marianum skin process prior art date 19860224 legal status the legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Its probably the most important herbal liver medicine out there and can be used very effectively to help limitprevent liver. Pdf effect of cynara scolymus and silybum marianum extracts. Twelve hours after apap administration, plasmatic levels of liver function. Us4749573a cosmetic preparations useful for opposing. Milk thistle extract, silymarin, silybin, silybum marianum. Many of of our herbal products are created with herbs that are grown right here. Evaluating the effect of silybum marianum extract 449 the current study however attempts to explore the biochemical effect of s. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.
Silybum milk thistle is a genus of two species of thistles in the daisy family. Pdf therapeutic effects of silybum marianum in the. Flavolignans silymarin complex, flavonoids, volatile oil, bitter principle, mucilage actions. Silybum marianum, commonly called blessed thistle or milk thistle, is a rosetteforming biennial that is native to the mediterranean region southern europe, western asia and northern africa. Milk thistle preparations are from the seeds of silybum marianum, a member of the sunflower family native to a narrow area of the mediterranean, but grown for centuries throughout europe and naturalized on that continent. Plants profile for silybum marianum blessed milkthistle.
Milk thistle silybum marianum oral side effects, medical. Milk thistle silybum marianum is a herbal product commonly used by patients with hiv for the management or prevention of antiretroviralinduced hepatotoxicity or liver disease caused by coinfection with hepatitis b or c 27. Silybum marianum article about silybum marianum by the free. Silybum marianum is a biennale, glabrous, pale green, spinescent plant with straight stems. Molecular analysis of genetic diversity in population of. The plants are native to the mediterranean regions of europe, north africa, and the middle east. Mild gastrointestinal distress is the most common adverse event reported for milk thistle. Antioxidant activity of hepatoprotective silymarin and. Silymarin is extracted from the fruit without pappus of milk thistle, the plant silybum marianum linne gaertner contan the main active ingredients flavonoids including silybinin a, silybinin b, silydianin, silychristin, dehydrosiybinin, isosilybinin a, isosilybinin b etc. This fairly typical thistle has red to purple flowers.
Silybum marianum inhibits pancreatic lipase pl activities. It is an herbaceous plant and possesses certain specific medicinal properties and can also acts as a host for some pathogens. The active complex of mt is a lipophilic extract from the seeds of the plant and is composed of three isomer flavonolignans silybin, silydianin, and silychristine, collectively known as silymarin. Biochemical sdspage and molecular markers such as randomly amplified polymorphic dna rapd and intersimple sequence repeats issr technologies were used in this work to detect genetic diversity of 14 collections of silybum marianum population. Silybum marianum can be distinguished from other california thistles by its distinctive whitemottled leaves. Germany is the largest producer of milk thistle using it for dyspeptic complaints and various amounts of liver conditions. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of silymarin slm on the hypertension state and the liver function changes induced by acetaminophen apap in spontaneously hypertensive rat shr. Biochemical sdspage and molecular markers such as randomly amplified polymorphic dna rapd and intersimple sequence repeats issr technologies were used in this work to detect genetic diversity of 14 collections of silybum marianum. Silybum marianum definition of silybum marianum by the free. The record derives from tica data supplied on 20120211 which reports it as an accepted name record 379a33e18fd44f65b1f9b91f50791076 with original publication details. Animals normotensive n or hypertensive shr were treated or not with apap 3 gkg, oral or previously treated with slm. Although, the application of biochar at the higher rate slightly improved soil moisture.
Slm is composed of several flavonolignans isomers 6580% with small amounts of flavonoids and fatty acids 2035% and other polyphenolic. Seed enhancement of silybum marianum and optimization of silymarin extraction. It is widely prescribed by herbalists and has almost no known side effects. Both teff and milk thistle have been presented in the literature both domestic and foreign in a positive light, the former as a new part of glutenfree diet, and the latter as a treatment for a number of conditions, particularly those of the liver. Effect of cynara scolymus and silybum marianum extracts on bile production in pigs. This paper presents a peculiar first case of an allergy to silybum marianum milk thistle and eragrostis tef teff. Evidencebased complementary and alternative medicine hindawi. It has naturalized in parts of europe, north america, south america, australia and new zealand. A an extract of silybum marianum fruits rich in silymarine referred to as absolute hawthorn, b one or more essential polyunsaturated fatty acids containing 1822 atoms of carbon having only. Silybum marianum in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. Milk thistle silybum marianum benefits, side effects. Milk thistle is an annual or biennial plant of the asteraceae family, native of souther europe through to asia.
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